Answer the four questions below on your own, do not cite from any outside sources. I will send you the textbook later. For each question please provide at least around 100 words answer.

– What does it mean to say that a cognitive process involves parallel processing?

– At a preschool, a researcher is interested in the possible effects of morning outdoor playtime on the length of the naps that preschoolers take in the afternoons. As she does everyday, she opens the door to the playground in the morning and the children can choose to stay in or go out to play. She notes which children played indoors and which played outdoors. Later, she times their naps. Would you characterize her methodology as naturalistic observation, controlled observation or experimental? Why?

-Do we ever see the world as it is? What makes you think so? Can you think of examples of what Dunning & Balcetis call “wishful seeing”? What are the consequences of this effect on perception? Is there anything we could do about it?

-The perception of faces is very important for human interaction. Your book discusses (and we will discuss in class) the Other Race Effect (sometimes called the Own Race Bias). What is this effect and what are the consequences? What can be done about it?